2021 AMC 10 B Fall

Complete problem set with solutions and individual problem pages

Problem 10 Easy

Forty slips of paper numbered 1 to 40 are placed in a hat. Alice and Bob each draw one number from the hat without replacement, keeping their numbers hidden from each other. Alice says, "I can't tell who has the larger number." Then Bob says, "I know who has the larger number." Alice says, "You do? Is your number prime?" Bob replies, "Yes." Alice says, "In that case, if I multiply your number by 100 and add my number, the result is a perfect square. " What is the sum of the two numbers drawn from the hat?(2021 AMC Fall 10B, Question #10)

  • A.

    27

  • B.

    37

  • C.

    47

  • D.

    57

  • E.

    67

Answer:A

Solution 1:

Because Alice doesn't know who has the larger number, she doesn't have 1 . Because Alice says that she doesn't know who has the larger number, Bob knows that she doesn't have 1 . But Bob knows who has the larger number, this implies that Bob has the smallest possible number. Because Bob's number is prime, Bob's number is 2 . Thus, the perfect square is in the 200^{\prime} s. The only perfect square is 225 . Thus, Alice's number is 25 . The sum of Alice's and Bob's number is 25+2=27. Thus the answer is (\mathbf{A} .).

Solution 2:

Denote by A and B the numbers drawn by Alice and Bob, respectively. Alice's sentence " 1 can't tell who has the larger number. implies A \in\{2, \cdots, 39\}. Bob's sentence "I know who has the larger number. implies B \in\{1,2,39,40\}. Their subsequent conversation that B is prime implies B=2. Then, Alice's next sentence "In that case, if I multiply your number by 100 and add my number, the result is a perfect square. implies 200+A is a perfect square. Hence, A=25. Therefore, the answer is (A) 27 .