K–12 Learning Tips: How Scientific Symbols Affect Students

Parents often focus on helping their children understand scientific concepts—gravity, energy, motion, chemical reactions. Yet a quieter challenge often goes unnoticed: the language of science itself. Scientific symbols, English-based abbreviations, and naming conventions can create invisible hurdles for many K–12 students, especially those who are multilingual or not native English speakers.

This issue, rooted in scientific symbols, language barriers, and English centrism, directly affects how children interpret formulas before they even begin applying the science behind them.

Why Language Matters in Science Learning

According to UNESCO’s multilingual-education guidance students learn more effectively when new knowledge connects meaningfully to their home language. Science, however, is typically taught using English-derived terms, symbols, and historical naming conventions—even in non-English-speaking regions.

At the same time, research from a U.S.-based team of scientists, published as “The manifold costs of being a non-native English speaker in science” shows that non-native English speakers experience higher cognitive load when reading and interpreting scientific material. Although this study focuses on adults, it highlights an important truth: English-centric science communication carries real cognitive consequences.

For K–12 students still building both language and science skills, these layers can combine into a significant challenge.

A diverse group of children of different ethnicities looking puzzled at a blackboard filled with scientific formulas like F=ma and E=mc², with English alphabet symbols prominently displayed, some with thought bubbles showing question marks or native language translations.

The Hidden Hurdles of English-Centric Symbols

Scientific symbols may look universal, but their meaning is deeply tied to English vocabulary. For example:

• F represents force
• V represents voltage or velocity
• E represents energy
• P represents power
• a represents acceleration

These letters feel intuitive to English speakers because they match the English words. A multilingual student, however, may see F=ma as a memorized pattern—without the natural shortcut that connects “F” to “force.”

This adds extra cognitive steps:

1. Decode the English-based symbol
2. Translate or interpret the meaning
3. Apply the symbol to the scientific idea

When symbols feel disconnected from vocabulary, children may memorize equations rather than understand them.

Units and constants also reflect Western linguistic roots. Joule (J), newton (N), watt (W), and hertz (Hz) are named after European scientists. Even neutral symbols exist within an English-oriented science communication system.

These factors can slow comprehension and reduce a child’s confidence in science.

How Parents Can Support Children Facing These Language Barriers

Families don’t need to change scientific notation. Instead, they can make it more accessible by offering context and connections.

Helpful strategies include:

• Discuss what each symbol stands for and its English origin
• Look up the history or etymology of scientific terms together
• Use bilingual explanations before switching fully to English terminology
• Encourage children to learn concepts first, then symbols
• Ask teachers or tutors to explain why particular letters are used

These small steps help children link symbols to meaning instead of memorizing them blindly.

An infographic showing a global map with scientific symbols flowing from English-speaking regions outward, encountering cultural and linguistic barriers represented by different language characters, with arrows pointing toward solutions like multicultural education or bilingual resources.

Why Reframing Science Instruction Matters

Science is universal, but its language is not. Recognizing that scientific notation and terminology lean heavily toward English helps parents understand why science can feel more difficult for multilingual children—despite their strong curiosity and capability.

By acknowledging linguistic diversity, families and educators can help dissolve invisible barriers, support deeper understanding, and foster true scientific confidence in all students.

As children build stronger science skills, a solid foundation in math and analytical thinking becomes essential. Think Academy offers a free Math Evaluation that gives families personalized insights into their child’s learning level. Our online classes help students strengthen core skills and prepare for advanced STEM topics with clarity and confidence. Taking the evaluation now is a simple first step.

About Think Academy

Think Academy, part of TAL Education Group, helps K–12 students succeed in school today by building strong math foundations and critical thinking skills. At the same time, we focus on the bigger picture—developing learning ability, curiosity, and healthy study habits that inspire a lifelong love of learning. With expert teachers, proven methods, and innovative AI tools, we support every child’s journey from classroom confidence to long-term growth.

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